Liver pathology in hypo- and hyperthyroidism (literature review) 

Mariya G. Fedorova, Candidate of medical sciences, associate professor, head of the sub-department of morphology, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: fedorovamerry@gmail.com
Ekaterina V. Komarova, Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of the sub-department of morphology, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: ekaterina-log@inbox.ru
Mariya N. Semina, Senior lecturer of the sub-department of morphology, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: mariysemina@gmail.com
Nikita O. Tsyplikhin, Resident of the sub-department of morphology, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: cyplikhin@mail.ru 

The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ, the product of which are iodinecontaining hormones - triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Violation of the concentration of iodothyronines in the blood plasma can lead to the occurrence of pathological processes in other organs, in particular, the liver. The hypothyroid state leads to a decrease in the synthetic function of the liver, worsens the course of the metabolic syndrome, leading to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, morphologically manifested as steatohepatitis with minimal changes. In hyperthyroidism, in addition to autoimmune and druginduced hepatitis, there are cholestatic and hepatitis forms of liver damage. Cholestatic lesion consists in the development of centrilobular intrahepatocyte cholestasis, clinically and laboratory manifested by the development of cholestatic syndrome. Hepatitis liver damage is manifested by the development of clinical, laboratory and morphological signs of acute hepatitis. The review provides up-to-date information on biochemistry, theories of development, pathogenesis and pathomorphology of liver pathologies that occur in thyroid gland pathologies accompanied by hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Data from both clinical and experimental studies are presented. 

thyroid gland, liver, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, morphology, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis 

Fedorova M.G., Komarova E.V., Semina M.N., Tsyplikhin N.O. Liver pathology in hypo- and hyperthyroidism (literature review). Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Meditsinskie nauki = University proceedings. Volga region. Medical sciences. 2022;(4):84–96. (In Russ.). doi:10.21685/2072-3032-2022-4-9